Comparison of the universal ‘test and treat’ (T&T) strategy (blue curves) and achieving universal access to treatment (black curves) in terms of discounted treatment costs.

Costs are discounted by 3.5% annually, following Granich et al. [10]. The dynamics of acquired and transmitted drug resistance are not included in these simulations. Solid lines denote the case where the treatment-induced reduction in infectivity is 96% and dashed lines denote the case where the reduction is 85%. Panels show (A) discounted annual treatment costs over time and (B) discounted cumulative treatment costs over time. The dynamics of acquired and transmitted drug resistance are not included in these simulations.