YHRD
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The Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) is an open access, annotated collection of population samples typed for Y chromosomal sequence variants. Two important objectives are pursued: (1) the generation of reliable frequency estimates for Y-STR Haplotypes and Y-SNP Haplotypes to be used in the quantitative assessment of matches in forensic and kinship cases and (2) the characterization of male lineages to draw conclusions about the origins and history of human populations. Since its creation in 1999 it has been curated by Lutz Roewer and Sascha Willuweit at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The database is endorsed by the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) and partially funded by Life Technologies and Promega Corporation. By October 2017 more than 197,000 9-locus haplotypes, among them 145,816 17-locus haplotypes, 39,414 23-locus haplotypes, 22,832 27-locus haplotypes and 20,495 Y SNP profiles sampled in 133 countries have been directly submitted by 293 institutes and laboratories from 71 countries. In geographic terms, about 41% of the YHRD samples stem from Asia, 34% from Europe, 14% from Latin America, 5% from North America, 4% from Africa and 1% from Oceania/Australia. The 1128 individual sampling projects are described in 479 peer-reviewed publications
Y染色体单倍型参考数据库（Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database，YHRD）是一个开放获取、带有注释的群体样本集合，这些样本已完成Y染色体序列变异分型。本数据库致力于实现两项核心目标：其一，生成可靠的Y-STR单倍型与Y-SNP单倍型频率估算值，用于法医与亲缘鉴定案件中匹配结果的定量评估；其二，对男性谱系开展特征分析，以推断人类群体的起源与演化历史。该数据库自1999年创建以来，由柏林夏里特大学医学院（Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin）法医学与法医科学研究所的Lutz Roewer与Sascha Willuweit负责维护。本数据库获得国际法医遗传学学会（International Society for Forensic Genetics，ISFG）的认证，并由Life Technologies及Promega Corporation提供部分资助。截至2017年10月，来自71个国家的293家机构与实验室，直接提交了采自133个国家的样本数据，其中包含超过197000个9位点单倍型，具体包括145816个17位点单倍型、39414个23位点单倍型、22832个27位点单倍型以及20495个Y-SNP分型结果。从地域分布来看，YHRD的样本中约41%源自亚洲、34%源自欧洲、14%源自拉丁美洲、5%源自北美洲、4%源自非洲，剩余1%来自大洋洲/澳大利亚。这1128项独立采样项目已在479篇同行评议期刊论文中进行了详细记载。
