Sub-annual alkenone, GDGT, and elemental micro-XRF data from laminated 20th century Pakistan Margin sediments

The data set contains alkenone and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) reconstructed sea surface temperatures, and elemental counts from northeast Arabian Sea box core SO90-58KG (24° 46.60' N, 65° 49.18' E, 876 m water depth). The alkenone unsaturation index (UK'37) and crenarchaeol-caldarchaeol tetraether index (CCaT), measured using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) at ultra-high spatial resolution, are provided against cumulative depth [mm] and age [year CE]. C37 alkenone and GDGT intensities from low resolution bulk samples measured using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively, are also provided. The sea surface temperatures [°C] reconstructed from the UK'37 and CCaT indices, respectively, is also included. Calcium, iron, potassium, sulfur, silicon, and titanium elemental counts by cumulative depth [mm] obtained from micro-X-ray fluorescence mapping are provided. The data set also contains the first principal component of these elements after principal component analysis; PC1 [score] by cumulative depth [mm] and age [year CE]. PC1 is used as a proxy for rainfall and river runoff driven by the southwest Indian summer monsoon. High-resolution alkenone and GDGTs measurements are provided at 0.150 mm resolution and 0.1-year resolution. Elemental counts are provided at 0.100 mm resolution. PC1 is provided at 0.100 mm resolution and monthly resolution.