Supporting Information_RIN.xlsx

Relative intensity noise (RIN) is another important characteristic of single-frequency lasers.Without additional noise suppression mechanisms, typical RIN levels are in the range of −120 to −130 dB/Hz 24]. The measured RIN spectra, presented in Fig. 6(c), exhibit dominant peaks near the relaxation oscillation frequency (ROF) in the 0–0.2 MHz range, after which the RIN level decreases with increasing frequency. Notably, beyond 0.5 MHz, the RIN remains below −140 dB/Hz, indicating excellent noise performance.