Data from: Children's visuospatial memory predicts mathematics achievement through early adolescence

A previous study showed that gains in visuospatial memory from first to
fifth grade predicted end-of-fifth grade mathematics but not reading
achievement, controlling other factors. In this follow up study, these
relations were assessed from sixth to ninth grade, inclusive (n = 145).
The results showed that growth in visuospatial memory across the
elementary school years was related to growth in mathematics achievement
after fifth grade, controlling intelligence, the central executive and
phonological memory components of working memory, in-class attentive
behavior, parental education, and fifth grade mathematics achievement. As
found for fifth grade, this relation was not found for reading achievement
after fifth grade. In total, the results suggest that visuospatial memory
has a unique influence on ease of learning some types of mathematics and
that this influence becomes more important across successive grades.