Taxonomic and functional database of epigeal arthropods, rodents, and birds in three agricultural environments of the Pampas region (Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina)

Abstract This dataset provides a comprehensive inventory of ground-dwelling arthropods, rodents, and birds monitored over two consecutive autumn seasons across three distinct environments within a soybean-based agricultural landscape. These data were collected to investigate and interpret weed seed predation patterns on the soil surface following late-summer dispersal. Usage Note: This dataset supports the findings presented in the Master’s thesis in Natural Resource Management and Conservation by Ing. Agr. Marcos Heredia Pinos. Parts of this data have been published in: “Post-dispersal predation of weed seeds in a pampas agroecosystem, Argentina” (South African Journal of Botany 156: 1-12, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.02.038. Data Structure 1. Arthropod Matrix (Sheet 1). Includes 86 species/morphospecies organized as follows: Taxonomic Hierarchy: Class, Order, and Family. Specific Identity: Scientific name or Morphospecies ID (RTU). Ontogenetic Stage: Life stage at the time of capture (A = Adult, N = Nymph, L = Larva). Functional Traits (Trophic Groups): ANT (Ants), DET (Detritivores), HER (Herbivores), OMN (Omnivores), P&N (Pollen/Nectar feeders), PAR (Parasitoids), PRE (Predators), and UNK (Unknown). Abundance Data: Total individual counts partitioned by environment (Closure, Border, and Stubble) and by year (2015 and 2016). Sampling Methodology: Data were collected using standardized pitfall traps (11 cm diameter) active for 7 consecutive days. Taxonomic identification was performed using regional keys and verified by specialists where possible. 2. Rodent Matrix (Sheet 2). Includes 6 rodent species organized as follows: Taxonomic Hierarchy: Order and Family. Specific Identity: Scientific name. Functional Traits (Trophic Groups): PREs (Seed predators) and HER (Herbivores). Abundance Data: Total individual counts partitioned by environment (Closure, Border, and Stubble) and by year (2015 and 2016). Sampling Methodology: Captures were conducted using Tomahawk traps (30 × 14 × 14 cm) baited with peanut butter-coated carrots. Identifications were performed using regional taxonomic keys and verified by specialists. An image (Figure 1) of the captured species is included. 3. Bird Matrix (Sheet 3). Includes 15 bird species organized as follows: Taxonomic Hierarchy: Order and Family. Specific Identity: Scientific name. Functional Traits (Trophic Groups): GRA (Granivores) and INS (Insectivores). Abundance Data: Total individual counts partitioned by environment (Closure, Border, and Stubble) and by year (2015 and 2016). Sampling Methodology: Data were obtained through direct observation in eight 50 m² plots (10 × 5 m): two in the Closure, two in the Border, and four in the Stubble area. The center line of each plot was surveyed for three hours daily (10:00 to 13:00) over three consecutive days. Observations were conducted with the naked eye and binoculars (Quasar Zoom 10 × 50, Fmc model). To minimize disturbance while maintaining observation quality, the observer maintained a distance of 5 m (Closure), 10 m (Border), and 15 m (Stubble) from the nearest plot edge. The determination was made using Narosky & Ysurieta (2010). An image (Figure 1) of selected species is included.