DataSheet_3_Geographical and life-history traits associated with low and high species richness across angiosperm families.pdf

IntroductionThe phenomenal expansion of angiosperms has prompted many investigations into the factors driving their diversification, but there remain significant gaps in our understanding of flowering plant species diversity.MethodsUsing the crown age of families from five studies, we used a maximum likelihood approach to classify families as having poor, predicted or high species richness (SR) using strict consensus criteria. Using these categories, we looked for associations between family SR and i) the presence of an inferred familial ancestral polyploidization event, ii) 23 life history and floral traits compiled from previously published datasets and papers, and iii) sexual system (dioecy) or genetically determined self-incompatibility (SI) mating system using an updated version of our own database and iv) geographic distribution using a new database describing the global distribution of plant species/families across realms and biomes and inferred range.ResultsWe find that more than a third of angiosperm families (65%) had predicted SR, a large proportion (30.2%) were species poor, while few (4.8%) had high SR. Families with poor SR were less likely to have undergone an ancestral polyploidization event, exhibited deficits in diverse traits, and were more likely to have unknown breeding systems and to be found in only one or few biomes and realms, especially the Afrotropics or Australasia. On the other hand, families with high SR were more likely to have animal mediated pollination or dispersal, are enriched for epiphytes and taxa with an annual life history, and were more likely to harbour sporophytic SI systems. Mapping the global distribution of georeferenced taxa by their family DR, we find evidence of regions dominated by taxa from lineages with high vs low SR.DiscussionThese results are discussed within the context of the literature describing “depauperons” and the factors contributing to low and high biodiversity in angiosperm clades.

引言：被子植物的惊人扩张激发了众多研究者对其多样性驱动因素的探究，然而，我们对于开花植物物种多样性的理解仍存在显著的空白。
方法：通过利用五项研究中科属的冠龄，我们采用最大似然法，依据严格的共识标准，将科属划分为物种丰富度（SR）低、预测或高。基于这些分类，我们探讨了科属SR与以下因素之间的关联：i）推断的科属祖先多倍化事件的存在；ii）从先前发表的数据库和论文中汇编的23个生命历史和花部特征；iii）性别系统（单性生殖）或遗传决定的自我不亲和（SI）交配系统，使用我们自己的数据库更新版；iv）地理分布，使用一个新的数据库，描述了植物物种/科在全球范围内的分布及其在各个界和生物群落中的分布范围。结果：我们发现超过三分之一的被子植物科（65%）具有预测的SR，其中一大比例（30.2%）物种贫乏，而仅有少数（4.8%）具有高SR。物种丰富度低的科不太可能经历过祖先多倍化事件，表现出多样特征的不足，更有可能具有未知的繁殖系统，并且仅存在于一个或少数生物群落和界中，尤其是非洲热带地区或澳大利亚。另一方面，物种丰富度高的科更有可能具有动物介导的传粉或传播，富含附生植物和具有年生活史的物种，并且更有可能携带配子体自我不亲和系统。通过将具有地理参考的物种的全球分布映射到它们的科DR上，我们发现存在由高SR与低SR谱系所主导的区域。
讨论：这些结果在描述“贫乏群”以及导致被子植物类群低多样性和高多样性的因素的相关文献背景下进行了讨论。