Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; FM, fat mass; FFM, free fat mass; Fat%, percentage of body fat; VFA, visceral fat area; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FINS, fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Data were expressed as mean ±SD for normal distribution variables or median (interquartile range) for skewed distribution variables.