The dataset of vegetation structure in the Evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem at Sanming Station in 2013

Evergreen broad-leaved forest, serving as the zonal forest type in the subtropical humid regions of China, assumes a pivotal role in sustaining regional biodiversity and facilitating biogeochemical cycling processes. The dataset is meticulously developed utilizing the extensive monitoring infrastructure of the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station. Within this framework, seven standardized 10m×10m sample plots were meticulously established, encompassing a total area of 700m². These plots were rigorously surveyed employing community ecology investigation methodologies to meticulously inventory the vegetation structure. The dataset meticulously catalogues the species composition within various vertical strata of the evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem. It encompasses 48 species in the tree layer, 119 in the shrub layer, 13 in the herb layer, and 12 interlayer plants, detailing key morphological parameters such as diameter at breast height (or basal diameter), height, and coverage. Furthermore, it computes the absolute density (individuals/hectare) and relative density (%) for each species, providing a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the forest's biodiversity. Utilizing standardized measurement methodologies, a suite of biodiversity indices was computed, including the Patrick Richness Index, Gleason Index, Margalef Index, Simpson Index, and the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index.The dataset serves as a quintessential case study for the examination of multi-layered structures within subtropical forest ecosystems. It offers foundational insights into the mechanisms governing the impact of vertical vegetation stratification on carbon allocation, while simultaneously providing essential baseline data for the formulation of biodiversity conservation strategies, precise estimation of forest carbon stocks, investigation into the multifunctionality of ecosystems, and projections of species distribution under the influence of climate change within subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests.