Supplemental Information Compound effector genes suppress malaria parasite infections in gene-drive population modification strains of the African malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae and Anophelescoluzzii

Vector mosquito researchers are developing genetics-based strategies to control transmission of human malaria parasites. Gene drive-based mosquito population modification technologies show potential for sustainable disease control. Four population modification strains, two each in the African malaria vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii, combine Cas9/guide RNA-based gene drive systems with compound anti-parasite genes and these were tested for drive dynamics, fitness and parasite reductions. All strains showed high gene-drive efficacy and significantly reduced parasite prevalence and infection intensities. The An. coluzzii lines show promise for further development but significant transgene-imposed loads impacted the fitness of the An. gambiae lines.