Gamma: odds of differential assignment due to unobserved factors.Q_mh+: Mantel-Haenszel statistic (assumption: overestimation of treatment effect).Q_mh−: Mantel-Haenszel statistic (assumption: underes
NW: normal weight; OO: obese or overweight; HADS: hospital anxiety and depression scale; BMI: body mass index; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein. Demographic and physiologica
Causal conclusions from observational studies may be sensitive to unmeasured confounding. In such cases, a sensitivity analysis is often conducted, which tries to infer the minimum amount of hidden bi