Association of heart rate with non-fatal respiratory complications (pneumonia or exacerbation) in 4021 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Heart rate was categorised in steps of 10 bpm, when analysed as a continuous variable. In total 310 patients had a heart rate ≤80 bpm and 95 patients had a heart rate >80 bpm.COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, bpm: beats per minute.1Two patients were excluded as they were censored before the earliest event occurred. In one patient we had no follow-up data.2Adjusted for sex, and age.3Adjusted for sex, age, pack-years of smoking, FEV1 (% predicted), use of cardiovascular drugs (β-blockers excluded), and β-blockers.Association of heart rate with non-fatal respiratory complications (pneumonia or exacerbation) in 4021 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.