SWAT模型中国大气同化驱动数据集（CMADS V1.1）（2008-2016）

CMADS V1.1(The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model Version 1.1) 版本数据集引入STMAS同化算法, 利用数据循环嵌套,模式推算等多种技术手段而建立。CMADS V1.1数据集按照SWAT模型输入驱动数据格式进行了格式整理与修正,使SWAT模型可直接使用该数据集而不需要任何格式转换。CMADS V1.1数据集同时建立了两种格式的数据(.dbf和.txt),方便其他它模型应用人员及气象分析人员调用与分析。CMADS数据源介绍：气温、气压、比湿、风速驱动数据采用了2421个国家级自动站和业务考核的29452个区域自动站2009年1月以来地面基本气象要素逐小时观测数据以及相应时期的台站信息（台站经纬度、海拔高度）,利用多重网格三维变分方法（STMAS）,在NCEP/GFS背景场基础上制作地面基本要素分析场；其中,中国区域以外,只对NCEP/GFS背景数据做地形调整、变量诊断,并插值到分析格点；中国区域以内,利用STMAS算法,将经过前处理的NCEP/GFS背景数据和自动站观测融合,并与中国区域以外的数据进行拼接。降水：由多卫星与地面自动站降水融合而成。其中,中国区域以外采用NCEP-CPC制作的CMORPH卫星融合降水产品,中国区域采用CMORPH产品为背景场融合中国降水自动站观测制作的中国区域小时降水量融合产品。辐射：基于DISSORT辐射传输模型,获取来自FY2E卫星一级产品实时反演太阳短波辐射产品。主要以ISCCP资料为背景数据,利用大气辐射传输模式DISORT对FY2D/E标称图数据进行反演,计算出分析格点上的地面入射太阳总辐射辐照度。本页发布的数据集为CMADS V1.1版本空间分辨率: 1/4°,时间分辨率:逐日，时间尺度为2008-2016年。空间覆盖范围:东亚(0°N-65°N,60°E-160°E)。提供要素:日平均2米温度,日最高\低2米温度,日累计24时降水量,日平均太阳辐射,日平均气压,日比湿度,日相对湿度,日平均10米风速,提供数据格式:dbf及txt。

CMADS V1.1元数据介绍

CMADS V1.1--SWAT驱动数据总体存放路径说明：
数据集分为专门驱动SWAT模型的子数据驱动集与其他模型使用的数据驱动集
1)专门驱动SWAT模型的子数据集路径为：CMADS-V1.1\For-swat\
2)专门其他模型使用的子数据集路径为：CMADS-V1.1\For-other-model\

CMADS V1.1--SWAT驱动数据各子集文件路径及名说明
CMADS V1.1--SWAT驱动数据子集路径
1)CMADS V1.1的SWAT子数据驱动集（For-swat文件夹内）,包含Station\与Fork\子目录。
其中Station\目录下为SWAT模型需要的所有输入数据（逐日）。以上输入数据分别位于以下目录：
Relative-Humidity-104000\ 日平均相对湿度(fraction)
Precipitation-104000\ 日累计降水量(mm)
Solar radiation-104000\ 日平均太阳辐射(MJ/m2)
Temperature-104000\ 日最高最低2米气温(℃)
Wind-104000\ 日平均10米风速(m/s)

CMADS V1.1--SWAT驱动数据子集命名格式
中国大气数据同化SWAT模型数据集(CMADS)的SWAT子集文件命名：
数据集代码由要素代码：R、P、S、T、W+维度格网数-经度格网数组成(经纬度网格数提取参见CMADS数据集使用手册.pdf)。

CMADS V1.1--SWAT驱动数据子集命名格式实体文件的内容描述：
数据集时间尺度：2008年－2016年间共9年数据文件
空间分辨率：1/4度
时间分辨率：逐日
要素数据存放格式：dbf
索引表存放格式：txt
CMADS V1.1--SWAT驱动数据子集索引表：
其中Fork\目录下为SWAT模型需要的所有站点索引表。以上输入数据索引表均可用以下索引表索引：
PCPFORK.txt 降水索引表
RHFORK.txt 相对湿度索引表
SORFORK.txt 太阳辐射索引表
TMPFORK.txt 温度索引表
WINDFORK.txt 风速索引表

CMADS V1.1其他模式驱动数据子集路径
CMADS V1.1的SWAT子数据驱动集（For-other-model文件夹内）,包括常规模型需要的所有气象输入数据（逐日）。以上输入数据分别位于以下目录：
Atmospheric-Pressure-txt\ 日平均大气压强(hPa)
Average-Temperature-txt\ 日平均2米气温(℃)
Maximum-Temperature-txt\ 日最高2米气温(℃)
Minimum-Temperature-txt\ 日最低2米气温(℃)
Precipitation-txt\ 日累计降水(mm)
Relative-Humidity-txt\ 日平均相对湿度(fraction)
Solar-Radiation-txt\ 日平均太阳辐射(MJ/m2)
Specific-Humidity-txt\ 日平均比湿(g/kg)
Wind-txt\ 日平均10米风速(m/s)

数据存储信息
存储格式和读取：数据集存储格式分为SWAT子集文件（dbf文件）,及其他模式数据集（txt文件）。

数据集附属说明文档:
metadata：元数据文档(CMADS_META_C.pdf)。
description：说明文档(CMADS_DOCU_C.pdf)。
数据总量：45GB
占用空间：50GB
时间范围：2008年－2016年
时间分辨率：逐日
地理范围描述：东亚
最西经度：60°E
最东经度：160°E
最北纬度：65°N
最南纬度：0°N
台站数量：104000站
空间分辨率： 1/4°×1/4°网格点
垂直范围：无

CMADS V1.1 (The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model Version 1.1) is developed by introducing the STMAS assimilation algorithm and adopting multiple technical means including data cyclic nesting and model extrapolation. CMADS V1.1 has been formatted and revised in strict accordance with the input driving data format required by the SWAT model, allowing the SWAT model to directly use this dataset without any format conversion. Meanwhile, CMADS V1.1 provides datasets in two formats (.dbf and .txt) to facilitate invocation and analysis by users of other models and meteorological analysts.

### Data Source Introduction
For meteorological driving data including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, specific humidity and wind speed: Hourly in-situ observational data of basic surface meteorological elements since January 2009 from 2421 national automatic weather stations and 29452 regional automatic weather stations under operational assessment, together with station metadata (longitude, latitude and altitude) in the corresponding period, are used to generate the basic surface element analysis field based on the NCEP/GFS background field via the multi-grid three-dimensional variational method (STMAS). For regions outside China, only terrain adjustment and variable diagnosis are performed on the NCEP/GFS background data, which are then interpolated to the analysis grid points; For regions within China, the preprocessed NCEP/GFS background data and in-situ station observations are fused using the STMAS algorithm, and then spliced with the data outside the Chinese territory.
For precipitation data: It is fused from multiple satellite and ground automatic station precipitation products. Specifically, the CMORPH satellite fused precipitation product developed by NCEP-CPC is adopted for regions outside China, while the hourly precipitation fusion product over the Chinese territory is produced by fusing the CMORPH product as the background field with observations from Chinese precipitation automatic stations.
For solar radiation data: It is obtained through real-time inversion of FY-2E satellite Level-1 products based on the DISORT radiative transfer model. Specifically, taking ISCCP data as background data, the DISORT atmospheric radiative transfer model is used to invert the nominal map data of FY-2D/E, and the ground incident total solar radiation irradiance at the analysis grid points is calculated.

The dataset released on this page is CMADS V1.1, with a spatial resolution of 1/4°, daily temporal resolution, and a temporal coverage of 2008–2016. Its spatial coverage is East Asia (0°N–65°N, 60°E–160°E). Provided meteorological elements include: daily average 2m temperature, daily maximum/minimum 2m temperature, daily cumulative 24-hour precipitation, daily average solar radiation, daily average atmospheric pressure, daily specific humidity, daily relative humidity, and daily average 10m wind speed. Supported data formats: .dbf and .txt.

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## CMADS V1.1 Metadata Introduction
### CMADS V1.1 -- General Storage Path Instructions for SWAT Driving Data
The dataset is divided into two sub-datasets: the dedicated sub-dataset for driving the SWAT model, and the data sub-dataset for use by other models.
1) Path of the dedicated SWAT model driving sub-dataset: CMADS-V1.1For-swat
2) Path of the dedicated sub-dataset for other models: CMADS-V1.1For-other-model

### CMADS V1.1 -- Path and Naming Instructions for Subset Files of SWAT Driving Data
#### CMADS V1.1 -- Path of SWAT Driving Data Subset
1) The SWAT sub-dataset of CMADS V1.1 (within the For-swat folder) contains two subdirectories: Station and Fork. The Station directory stores all daily input data required by the SWAT model. These input data are located in the following directories respectively:
- Relative-Humidity-104000: Daily average relative humidity (fraction)
- Precipitation-104000: Daily cumulative precipitation (mm)
- Solar radiation-104000: Daily average solar radiation (MJ/m²)
- Temperature-104000: Daily maximum and minimum 2m air temperature (℃)
- Wind-104000: Daily average 10m wind speed (m/s)

#### CMADS V1.1 -- Naming Format for SWAT Driving Data Subset Files
The naming of SWAT subset files for the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) follows the format: The dataset code is composed of element code: R, P, S, T, W + number of latitude grid points - number of longitude grid points (refer to CMADS Dataset User Manual.pdf for extraction of latitude and longitude grid numbers).

#### CMADS V1.1 -- Content Description of Entity Files for SWAT Driving Data Subset Naming Format
- Temporal scope of the dataset: 9 years of data files from 2008 to 2016
- Spatial resolution: 1/4°
- Temporal resolution: daily
- Storage format of element data: .dbf
- Storage format of index tables: .txt

#### CMADS V1.1 -- SWAT Driving Data Subset Index Tables
The Fork directory stores all station index tables required by the SWAT model. All the above input data can be indexed by the following index tables:
- PCPFORK.txt: Precipitation index table
- RHFORK.txt: Relative humidity index table
- SORFORK.txt: Solar radiation index table
- TMPFORK.txt: Temperature index table
- WINDFORK.txt: Wind speed index table

### CMADS V1.1 -- Path of Other Model Driving Data Subset
The SWAT sub-dataset of CMADS V1.1 (within the For-other-model folder) includes all daily meteorological input data required by conventional models. These input data are located in the following directories respectively:
- Atmospheric-Pressure-txt: Daily average atmospheric pressure (hPa)
- Average-Temperature-txt: Daily average 2m air temperature (℃)
- Maximum-Temperature-txt: Daily maximum 2m air temperature (℃)
- Minimum-Temperature-txt: Daily minimum 2m air temperature (℃)
- Precipitation-txt: Daily cumulative precipitation (mm)
- Relative-Humidity-txt: Daily average relative humidity (fraction)
- Solar-Radiation-txt: Daily average solar radiation (MJ/m²)
- Specific-Humidity-txt: Daily average specific humidity (g/kg)
- Wind-txt: Daily average 10m wind speed (m/s)

### Data Storage Information
Storage format and reading: The dataset is divided into two categories: SWAT subset files (.dbf files) and other model datasets (.txt files).

### Dataset Supplementary Documentation
- metadata: Metadata document (CMADS_META_C.pdf)
- description: Description document (CMADS_DOCU_C.pdf)
- Total data volume: 45 GB
- Occupied space: 50 GB
- Temporal scope: 2008–2016
- Temporal resolution: daily
- Geographical scope description: East Asia
- Westernmost longitude: 60°E
- Easternmost longitude: 160°E
- Northernmost latitude: 65°N
- Southernmost latitude: 0°N
- Number of stations: 104000 stations
- Spatial resolution: 1/4°×1/4° grid points
- Vertical scope: None

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是专为SWAT模型设计的气象驱动数据，采用STMAS同化算法融合多源观测（如自动站和卫星数据），提供2008-2016年东亚区域的逐日气象要素，包括温度、降水、辐射等，空间分辨率为0.05°-0.1°。其格式直接适配SWAT模型，无需转换，并支持dbf和txt两种格式，便于水文模拟和分析应用。