Arctic Ocean and Sea-Ice heat budget in CESM2 Large Ensemble (1920-2100)

This file contains the time series used for the Arctic ocean and sea-ice heat budget of the Community Earth System Model version 2 Large Ensemble (CESM2-LENS) simulation presented in Figures 2a, 3b-c, 11a-b of Oldenburg et al. (2024). Arctic Ocean warming and sea ice loss are closely linked to increased ocean heat transport into the Arctic and changes in surface heat fluxes. The 100-member CESM2-LENS provided a robust estimation of the externally forced variations in the Arctic ocean and sea-ice heat budget terms including ocean heat transport into the Arctic through the the 5 straits, ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes, ocean-sea ice heat fluxes, sea ice-atmosphere heat fluxes, as well as the heat content changes. These terms are calculated based on monthly mean variables from each ensemble members, integrated for the entire Arctic Ocean and then annual mean time series are calculated. The externally forced variations can be inferred from the ensemble mean and the ensemble spread indicates the contributions from the internal variability.
Oldenburg, D., Y-O. Kwon, C. Frankignoul, G. Danabasoglu, S. Yeager, and W.M. Kim, 2024: The respective roles of ocean heat transport and surface heat fluxes in driving Arctic Ocean warming and sea-ice decline. J. Climate, 37, 1431-1448. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0399.1.