Data from: Dogs recognize dog and human emotions

The perception of emotional expressions allows animals to evaluate the social intentions and motivations of each other. This usually takes place within species; however, in the case of domestic dogs, it might be advantageous to recognize the emotions of humans as well as other dogs. In this sense, the combination of visual and auditory cues to categorize others' emotions facilitates the information processing and indicates high-level cognitive representations. Using a cross-modal preferential looking paradigm, we presented dogs with either human or dog faces with different emotional valences (happy/playful versus angry/aggressive) paired with a single vocalization from the same individual with either a positive or negative valence or Brownian noise. Dogs looked significantly longer at the face whose expression was congruent to the valence of vocalization, for both conspecifics and heterospecifics, an ability previously known only in humans. These results demonstrate that dogs can extract and integrate bimodal sensory emotional information, and discriminate between positive and negative emotions from both humans and dogs.

对情绪表情的感知，使动物得以评估同类间的社交意图与动机。这类感知通常仅发生在种内；然而对于家犬（domestic dogs）而言，同时识别人类与同类的情绪或许具备进化优势。从这一视角出发，结合视觉与听觉线索对互动对象的情绪进行分类，可优化信息处理流程，并体现出高级认知表征能力。本研究采用跨模态优先注视范式（cross-modal preferential looking paradigm），向家犬展示带有不同情绪效价（愉悦/嬉戏与愤怒/攻击性）的人类或犬类面部表情，并搭配来自同一发声个体的正性、负性发声，或是布朗噪声（Brownian noise）。实验结果显示，无论是面对同种个体（conspecifics）还是异种个体（heterospecifics）的刺激，家犬注视与发声效价相一致的面部表情的时长均显著更长——这种能力此前仅在人类身上被观测到。上述结果表明，家犬能够提取并整合双模态感官情绪信息，并区分来自人类与同类的正性与负性情绪。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于一项研究，使用跨模态优先注视范式，测试狗是否能通过整合视觉和听觉线索来识别狗和人类的积极与消极情绪。数据以Excel文件形式提供，用于统计分析，支持狗在跨物种情绪识别方面具有高级认知能力的结论。主题涉及社会认知、犬类行为和情绪识别等领域。