Observational Data of the Laptev Sea - East Siberian Sea from the 2018 China-Russian Joint Arctic Expedition

The marine hydrographic data utilized in this study was principally acquired during the 2018 Sino-Russian joint Arctic expedition. Conducted aboard the Russian research vessel Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev, the expedition initiated from Vladivostok and transited through the Bering Strait to implement systematic hydrographic surveys across the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea. A Sea-Bird 19plus Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler (CTD) was deployed to collect high-precision vertical profiles at 34 strategically distributed stations (spatial configuration illustrated in Figure 1). The instrument demonstrated a temperature accuracy of ±0.005°C, salinity measurement error <0.005, and vertical resolution of 1 m.