Estimation of death under-counting by comparing seroprevalence.

The first column lists each district of Karnataka (as on Sept 2020). The second column provides the seropositivity estimate as obtained in a serosurvey across the first two weeks of September 2020. The third column provides our estimate of the potential death undercounting in that district, , represented by the ratio of seropositivity to the actual number of reported infected. Since death overcounting is not possible, the minimum value of can only be 1. The uncertainty on this number is obtained by propagating the 95% uncertainties from the serosurvey reports to our prediction of actual infection. In cases the lower bound on goes below 1, we present the mean value and the range from 1 as an upper bound in parentheses. In a few cases we just present 1 as an upper bound, representing those cases where even the upper limit is less than or equal to 1.