Enterprise Survey 2016 - Honduras

Abstract
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The survey was conducted in Honduras between July 2016 and September 2017 as part of Enterprise Surveys project, an initiative of the World Bank. Data from 332 establishments was analyzed.

The objective of the Enterprise Survey is to gain an understanding of what firms experience in the private sector. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs and labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90 percent of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or universe of the study, is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the group classification of ISIC Revision 3.1: (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for 2016 Honduras ES was selected using stratified random sampling.

Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed as follows: the universe was stratified into Manufacturing industries (ISIC Rev. 3.1 codes 15- 37), Retail industries (ISIC code 52) and Other Services (ISIC codes 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, and 72).

For the Honduras ES, size stratification was defined as follows: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees).

Regional stratification for the Honduras ES was done across three regions: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and Rest of the Country.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments as well as information on all stratification variables (number of employees, industry, and region) are required to draw the sample. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings.

The sample frame consisted of listings of firms from two sources: The panel firms list of 360 firms from the Honduras 2010 ES was used. For fresh firms (i.e., firms not covered in 2010), firm data from Servicio de Administración de Rentas, SAR was used.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The structure of the data base reflects the fact that 2 different versions of the survey instrument were used for all registered establishments. Questionnaires have common questions (core module) and respectfully additional manufacturing- and services-specific questions.

The eligible manufacturing industries have been surveyed using the Manufacturing questionnaire (includes the core module, plus manufacturing specific questions).

Retail firms have been interviewed using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module plus retail specific questions) and the residual eligible services have been covered using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module).

Each variation of the questionnaire is identified by the index variable, a0.

The last complete fiscal year is January to December 2015. For questions pertaining to monetary amounts, the unit is the Honduran Lempira.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the refusal to respond (-8) as a different option from don’t know (-9).
b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary. However, there were clear cases of low response. Please, note that for this specific question, refusals were not separately identified from “Don’t know” responses.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar strata characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific goals; whenever this was done, strict rules were followed to ensure replacements were randomly selected within the same stratum. Further research is needed on survey non-response in the Enterprise Surveys regarding potential introduction of bias.

The share of rejections per contact was 0.21.

摘要
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本调查于2016年7月至2017年9月在洪都拉斯进行，作为世界银行企业调查项目的一部分，该项目旨在探究私营部门企业的经历。通过对制造业和服务业企业的访谈，调查评估了私营部门增长的限制，并创建了具有统计显著性的、可跨国家进行比较的商业环境指标。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资获取、年销售额、投入和劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可证、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。剩余的问题则评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖
分析单元
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研究的主要抽样单元是单位。单位是指进行商业活动和工业运营或提供服务的地方。一个企业可能由一个或多个单位组成。例如，一个啤酒厂可能拥有几个灌装厂和几个分销单位。在本调查中，单位必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与企业的财务报表分开的财务报表。单位还必须拥有自己的管理权限和控制其工资单。
总体
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研究的总体，即研究的整体范围，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订3.1版本分组分类的所有制造业部门（D组）、建筑业部门（F组）、服务业部门（G组和H组），以及运输、仓储和通信部门（I组）。请注意，本定义不包括以下部门：金融中介（J组）、房地产和租赁活动（K组，除72个子部门IT外，该子部门被纳入研究总体），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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2016年洪都拉斯ES的样本采用分层随机抽样方法选定。
在本国使用了三个分层级别：行业、单位规模和地区。
行业分层设计如下：总体被分层为制造业（ISIC Rev. 3.1代码15-37）、零售业（ISIC代码52）和其他服务业（ISIC代码45、50、51、55、60-64和72）。
对于洪都拉斯ES，规模分层定义为：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（100名或以上员工）。
洪都拉斯ES的地区分层涉及三个地区：特古西加尔巴、圣佩德罗苏拉和该国其他地区。
鉴于分层设计，需要包含完整和最新单位列表以及所有分层变量（员工人数、行业和地区）的样本框架。为了获取这些列表，付出了巨大的努力。
样本框架由两个来源的企业列表组成：360家企业的洪都拉斯2010年ES调查的面板企业列表，以及未涵盖在2010年的新企业（即未在2010年覆盖的企业）的服务行政管理局（SAR）的企业数据。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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数据库的结构反映了为所有已注册的单位使用了两种不同的调查工具的事实。问卷包含共同问题（核心模块）以及分别针对制造业和服务业的额外问题。
合格的制造业行业采用制造业问卷进行调查（包括核心模块和制造业特定问题）。
零售企业通过服务业问卷进行调查（包括核心模块和零售特定问题），剩余合格的服务行业则使用服务业问卷进行调查（包括核心模块）。
每种问卷变体均由索引变量a0识别。
最后完整的财年为2015年1月至12月。对于涉及货币金额的问题，单位为洪都拉斯伦皮拉。
数据清理操作
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数据输入和质量控制由承包商实施，数据以批量形式（通常是10%、50%和100%）提交给世界银行。这些数据交付将被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围的值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记，并通过数据检查、回访和重新访问单位由实施承包商进行纠正。
响应率
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调查的非响应必须与项目的非响应区分开来。前者指的是拒绝参与调查的行为，而后者指的是拒绝回答一些具体问题。
企业调查面临着这两种问题，并采用了不同的策略来解决这些问题。
针对项目非响应采取了两种策略：
a- 对于可能引起受访者负面反应的敏感问题，如腐败或逃税，调查员被指示将拒绝回答（-8）作为一个与不知道（-9）不同的选项收集。
b- 当有必要时，对信息不完整的企业进行重新联系以完成这些信息。然而，存在明显的低响应率。请注意，对于这个具体问题，拒绝回答并未与“不知道”回答区分开来。
针对调查的非响应，采取了最大努力联系最初选定的访谈单位。在建议用具有相似分层特征的单位替换之前，尝试在不同时间/星期几联系单位进行访谈。调查的非响应确实发生了，但进行了替换，以有可能实现分层特定的目标；在这样做的时候，严格遵循规则以确保替换在同一个分层内随机选择。关于企业调查中的调查非响应需要进一步研究，以探讨潜在引入偏差的问题。
每次接触的拒绝份额为0.21。