Mixed effects model statistics for aphid abundance, predator abundance and predator-prey ratio with the explanatory variables insecticide treatment, field location and the interaction of insecticide treatment and field location.

Field identity was used as a random effect. Response variables were transformed (see statistical analyses). Mean and SE are shown in Fig. 4.
↑ = insecticide treated (yes) or edge is higher, ↓ = insecticide treated (yes) or edge is lower.