Integrative analyses of convergent adaptation in sympatric extremophile fishes

The evolution of independent lineages along replicated environmental transitions frequently results in convergent adaptation, yet the degree to which convergence is present across multiple levels of biological organization is often unclear. Additionally, inherent biases associated with shared ancestry and variation in selective regimes across geographic replicates often pose challenges for confidently identifying patterns of convergence. We investigated a system in which three species of poeciliid fishes sympatrically occur in a toxic spring rich in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and an adjacent nonsulfidic stream to examine patterns of adaptive evolution across levels of biological organization. We found convergence in morphological and physiological traits and genome-wide patterns of gene expression among all three species. In addition, there were shared signatures of selection on genes encoding H2S toxicity targets in the mitochondrial genomes of each species. However, analyses of nuclear ge..., Study sites and sample collection
In the foothills of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, several freshwater springs rich in naturally occurring H2S form the La Gloria spring complex.1,2 The spring complex is located near the city of Teapa, Mexico, and is part of the Río Pichucalco drainage. Habitats with high H2S concentrations are spatially restricted (~200 m in length), and the spring run flows directly into a nearby nonsulfidic stream (Arroyo Caracol). There are no physical barriers that prevent fish movement between the sulfidic spring run and the nonsulfidic stream, but there are stark differences in water chemistry. Populations of the poeciliid fishes Poecilia mexicana, Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus, and Xiphophorus hellerii have colonized H2S-rich habitats at La Gloria, and ancestral populations also occur in adjacent nonsulfidic habitats.3 Note that the population of P. mexicana at La Gloria likely belongs to an endemic species described from sulfide springs, P. sulphuraria.3,4 All sa..., , # Data from: Integrative analyses of convergent adaptation in sympatric extremophile fishes

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrzv](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrzv)

## Description of the data and file structure

Methods for all data sets are described in the methods section of the repository.

**waterchemistry.csv**

Environmental parameters measured in the adjacent sulfidic and non-sulfidic habitats.

**gloriatoerance.csv**

Results of the H2S tolerance trials. 

**Translocation_sulf2.csv**

Results of the reciprocal translocation experiment.

**lagloria_geomorph.csv**

Results of the geometric morphometric analysis.

### Files and variables

#### File: waterchemistry.csv

**Description:** Environmental parameters measured in the adjacent sulfidic and non-sulfidic habitats.

##### Variables

* Habitat: NS (nonsulfidic) vs. S (sulfidic)
* Width: maximum stream width (in meters)
* Depth: maximum stream depth (in meters)
* Flow: maximum water flow (in meters per second)
* DO: ...,