The effects of sex allocation coevolution on the coexistence of two closely related plant species interacting via interspecific pollen transfer

Interspecific pollen transfer (IPT), the pollen movement between plant species via shared pollinators, reduces the reproductive success of pollen-recipient plants due to hybridization with heterospecific pollen grains. As a result, IPT hinders coexistence of sympatric, co-flowering species by reducing their reproductive success. IPT likely exerts selective pressure on plant reproductive systems, particularly on sex allocation (resource investment to pollen versus ovules). However, the influence of IPT on the evolutionary dynamics of sex allocation and associated ecological processes remains poorly understood. Here, we explore how the female costs incurred by IPT affect the co-evolution and coexistence dynamics of two plant species. To address this, we construct a mathematical model capturing interactions between two plant species through pollen transfer and resource competition, and reduced fertilization caused by IPT. Our analysis focuses on a scenario where an invasive species with fe..., , , # The effects of sex allocation coevolution on the coexistence of two closely related plant species interacting via interspecific pollen transfer

These codes are made for simulations of eco-evolutionary dynamics of sex allocation. We calculate two types of dynamics: (i) the ODE model of population dynamics and co-evolution ofsex allocation (ii) an individual-based model (IBM).

## For recording results

For recording the simulation results, you must put the directory `morita-sasaki-iritani2025` under the home directory. Please make the directory `result`. All the results are put into the directory `result` under `morita-sasaki-iritani2025`.

# 1. Source File

The following table shows source files corresponding to figures. Please source `.R` file below model for the IBM (i) and evaluate `.nb` files below for the ODE (ii).

| Figure | file | function |
| :-----: | :-------: | :--------------------------------------------...,