Development of an Okinawa panel for biogeographic inference of Okinawans

The Precision ID Ancestry Panel with 165 SNP markers was unable to differentiate between mainland Japanese and Okinawa Japanese or to distinguish either of them from other East Asian populations. An Okinawa panel was developed with the aim of further separating Okinawa Japanese individuals from mainland Japanese and other Asian groups. Seventy-five SNPs were selected using the most informative markers from the literature. Further, 22 SNPs were selected to separate Okinawa Japanese at minimum SNPs. Samples were collected from 48 unrelated individuals from mainland Japan and 46 unrelated residents of the Okinawa prefecture. Data were evaluated by STRUCTURE, principal component, and GenoGeographer analyses. The 22 SNP set had similar levels of differentiation in STRUCTURE and PCA analyses as the 75 SNP set. GenoGeographer analysis showed that, out of the 46 Okinawa Japanese individuals, the 75 SNP and 22 SNP sets correctly assigned the Okinawan population as the most likely population of origin for 32 and 31 individuals, respectively. Neither SNP set could completely differentiate between Okinawa Japanese and other Asian groups, however, these sets should be useful for crime investigation, when the sample, cost and time are limited.

精密度身份祖先面板（Precision ID Ancestry Panel）包含165个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，未能区分大陆日本人及冲绳日本人，亦无法将二者与其他东亚人群区分开来。为更细致地区分冲绳日本人与大陆日本人及其他亚洲群体，开发了一套冲绳人专用面板。该面板通过文献中信息量最大的标记，选取了75个SNPs，并进一步选取了22个SNPs以最少SNPs区分冲绳日本人。样本收集自48位无亲属关系的日本大陆居民及46位冲绳地区的居民。数据经STRUCTURE分析、主成分分析和GenoGeographer分析评估。22个SNPs组合在STRUCTURE和主成分分析中的区分程度与75个SNPs组合相似。GenoGeographer分析显示，在46位冲绳日本人中，75个SNPs和22个SNPs组合分别将32位和31位冲绳人的祖籍正确归为冲绳人群，然而，这两个SNPs组合均无法完全区分冲绳人与其他亚洲群体，但在样本、成本和时间受限的犯罪调查中，这些组合仍应具有实用价值。