Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey of Maternal and Child Health 2020 - South Africa

Abstract
---------------------------

The Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey of Maternal and Child Health (CRAM-MATCH) was a rapid SMS (Short Message Service) survey conducted in South Africa conducted among pregnant women and mothers registered with the MomConnect mhealth platform in South Africa. This national survey was conducted in June (n=3140) with a follow up in July (n=2287). The survey collected data from pregnant women and new mothers in South Africa on how the Coronavirus pandemic has affected their health including their access to health care.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

The survey data is nationally representative

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Individuals

Universe
---------------------------

The survey collected data from pregnant women and new mothers in South Africa.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

The sample was drawn from the Momconnect mhealth platform created by the South African National Department of Health (NDOH) in 2014. MomConnect is a mobile health (mHealth) solution created to improve and promote maternal health services in South Africa by providing pregnant mothers with free messaging facility and a helpdesk. The mobile health application also created a national pregnancy registry which has excellent coverage of pregnant women and new mothers. By 2017 more than half of the women attending public sector antenatal care services in South Africa were registered on the Momconnect platform. By 2019 there were over 2 million registered MomConnect users.

A self-weighted sample of 15 000 pregnant women and mothers with children under 12 months was drawn from the database of MomConnect users. The sample was stratified based on province, gestational age or age of their baby and their type of phone. The 15 000 women all received an invitation to join the SMS survey on the afternoon of 24 June 2020. They could respond by SMS with "JOIN" to participate in the survey, by SMSing "STOP" to not participate or to reply with "MORE" if they needed more information. Those who participated in the survey received R10 in airtime. The wave 1 survey was completed on June 30, 2020. The wave 2 survey invitation was sent on the 2nd of July 2020 and the survey ended on the 5th of July 2020.

Poverty Quintiles
Two sets of poverty quintiles were created for respondents by constructing poverty quintiles for primary care public health facilities. The first poverty quintile measures the wealth quintile of the small area place where the facility that the respondent last visited is located. The second poverty quintile measures the average wealth quintile of the catchment area that the facility covers. Because of the focus on access to primary care and because the Momconnect moms' registrations are at their local primary care facility, only data related to public sector primary care facilities was extracted from the government database of facilities (clinics, community health centres and community day centres).

The richest 15% of areas was also excluded since these individuals are unlikely to make use of public facilities. This implies that the 'wealthiest' quintile only represents the wealthiest of the 85% poorest South Africans. Each small area place in Census was then linked to their closest public primary care facility, using the GIS codes in both the Census and the national facility database to create a catchment area for each facility.Poverty quintiles were created by deriving a measure of living standards and wealth measures via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), using data on employment status, education level, earnings, household size, and cell phone and car ownership of the residents of the area collected during the 2011 census. PCA was used to calculate wealth scores and these were aggregated over the entire catchment area, weighted by the population size of each Small Area place in the Census 2011. The sample of respondents was matched to these poverty quintiles via the Momconnect facility identifier, which captures the facility where the mother was registered.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Mobile Phone [mp]

Research instrument
---------------------------

Two questionnaires were used, one for the Wave 1 Survey and another for the Wave 2 Survey.

Response rate
---------------------------

Assuming a response rate of 20%, from the targeted sample of 15 000 women, the project aimed to achieve a survey sample of 3000 and realised a sample of 3140 for wave 1 and thus had an effective response rate of 21%. Of the 3140 individuals who responded to wave 1, 2287 also responded in wave 2. The attrition rate between wave 1 and wave 2 was thus about 27%.

{'Abstract': '摘要——

南非孕妇及儿童健康快速移动短信调查（CRAM-MATCH）是一项针对注册于南非MomConnect移动健康平台的孕妇及母亲的快速短信调查。该全国性调查于六月（n=3140）进行，并在七月（n=2287）进行追踪调查。调查收集了南非孕妇及新母亲关于冠状病毒大流行对其健康影响的数据，包括其获得医疗保健的途径。

地理覆盖范围——

调查数据具有全国代表性。

分析单元——

个体。

总体——

调查收集了南非孕妇及新母亲的数据。

数据类型——

样本调查数据。

抽样程序——

样本从2014年由南非国家卫生部门（NDOH）创建的MomConnect移动健康平台数据库中抽取。MomConnect是一款旨在通过为孕妇提供免费短信服务及咨询服务来改善和推广南非母婴健康服务的移动健康解决方案。该移动健康应用程序还创建了一个全国孕产妇登记系统，该系统对孕产妇和新母亲的覆盖率极高。到2017年，超过一半的南非公共部门产前保健服务的接受者已在Momconnect平台上注册。到2019年，已有超过200万名注册的MomConnect用户。

从MomConnect用户数据库中抽取了15,000名孕妇及12个月以下婴儿的母亲的自加权样本。样本根据省份、孕周或婴儿年龄以及他们的电话类型进行分层。15,000名妇女于2020年6月24日下午收到邀请加入短信调查，他们可以通过短信回复“JOIN”以参与调查，回复“STOP”以不参与或回复“MORE”以获取更多信息。参与调查的妇女将获得10兰特的话费。第一波调查于2020年6月30日完成。第二波调查邀请于2020年7月2日发送，调查于7月5日结束。

贫困五分位数——

通过构建初级保健公共卫生设施的贫困五分位数，为受访者创建了两组贫困五分位数。第一个贫困五分位数衡量的是受访者最后访问的设施所在的小区域地点的财富五分位数。第二个贫困五分位数衡量的是设施覆盖区域平均财富五分位数。由于关注初级保健的获得，以及Momconnect母亲的注册在其当地初级保健设施，因此只从政府设施数据库（诊所、社区卫生中心和社区日中心）中提取了与公共部门初级保健设施相关的数据。

还排除了最富有的15%的地区，因为这些个人不太可能使用公共设施。这意味着‘最富有’的五分位数仅代表85%最贫穷的南非人的最富有者。然后，利用普查和全国设施数据库中的GIS代码将每个小区域地点与最近的公共初级保健设施相连接，为每个设施创建一个服务区域。通过主成分分析（PCA）得出生活水平及财富指标，利用2011年普查期间收集的该地区居民就业状况、教育水平、收入、家庭规模以及手机和汽车拥有情况数据。PCA用于计算财富分数，并将这些分数在整个服务区域中汇总，按2011年普查中小区域地点的人口规模进行加权。通过Momconnect设施标识符将受访者样本与这些贫困五分位数相匹配，该标识符捕捉了母亲注册的设施。

数据收集方式——

移动电话[mp]。

研究工具——

使用了两个问卷，一个用于第一波调查，另一个用于第二波调查。

响应率——

假设响应率为20%，从目标样本的15,000名妇女中，项目旨在实现3000人的调查样本，并在第一波实现了3140人的样本量，从而实现了21%的有效响应率。在3140名回应第一波调查的个人中，有2287人也回应了第二波调查。因此，第一波和第二波之间的流失率约为27%。'}