Test results on five sets of genome sequences from AFproject.

Pairwise distance values calculated with different alignment-free methods were used as input for Neighbor-Joining [60]; the table contains normalized Robinson-Foulds distances between the resulting trees and reference trees. Thus, the smaller the values are, the more similar are the produced trees to the reference trees. The table also shows the median results from 74 methods evaluated in the AFproject study. Three of the best performing programs in this study are shown (all results, except for Slope-SpaM, are taken from [44]).