The splicing paralogues SNRPB and SNRPN control differential metabolic states

Gene duplication is a major driver of biological complexity, yet the persistence of highly similar paralogous factors suggests the existence of context-dependent functions that remain incompletely understood. Certain conserved components of the mammalian RNA processing machinery exhibit striking sequence similarity alongside divergent expression patterns, raising fundamental questions about how such redundancy is resolved at the level of cellular regulation. Using genetically defined cellular models, we investigated functional distinctions between related factors and identified condition-sensitive effects on RNA regulation and cellular homeostasis. While these factors share broadly overlapping molecular interactions, differential regulatory associations and post-translational features were observed, which varied in response to changes in cellular state. Perturbations that alter biosynthetic activity revealed selective transcriptomic responses linked to core metabolic pathways. Together, our findings explain how paralogues contribute to tissue-specific regulation and environmentally responsive cellular programs in complex organisms.