Study of Pattern of Serum Electrolytes and Lipid Profile Level in type 2 Diabetic Patient Attending Tertiary Care Hospital AGMC and GBPH

AbstractBackground: Poor glycemic control diabetes mellitus patient experiences dyslipidemia andserum electrolyte imbalance. The relationship between glycemic control, serum electrolyteand lipid profile is complex and is related to a number of factors like age, BMI, associatedconditions. Tripura has the highest prevalence of diabetes and pre diabetes among the northeastern state of India. This study was planned to assess the pattern of serum electrolyte andlipid profile and their relationship with HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients attending tertiarycare hospital Agartala Government medical college and GBPH, in Tripura.Methodology: HbA1c, serum electrolyte ( sodium, potassium, calcium) and lipid profiles(Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C) were determined in 164 type2 diabetic patientsbetween the age group 30 to 70 years. It was a hospital based cross-sectional study.Result: Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The studyshows decrease in the mean of serum sodium (p value = 0.006) and potassium (p value =0.010) and increase in the mean of serum calcium (p value = 0.001) with different label ofHbA1c (i.e. group I = < 7%, group II = 7 to 8 %, group III = >8) and it was found to bestatistically significant. The present study also revealed statistically significant increase in themean of serum triglyceride ( p value = 0.014) and decrease in the mean of HDL-C (p value <0.001) with different level of HbA1c. Whereas increase in the mean of serum cholesterol(p=0.258) and LDL-C (p=0.111) with HbA1c level were not statistically significant.Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed and found that serum cholesterol (r = 0.301,p<0.01), triglyceride (r = 0.275, p<0.01), LDL-C (r = 0.359, p<0.01) and serum Calcium (r =0.449, p <0.01) showed direct and significant correlation with HbA1c. Whereas HDL-C (r = -0.467, p<0.01), Serum Sodium (r = -0.363, p <0.01) and Serum Potassium (r = -0.285, p<0.01) showed inverse significant correlation with HbA1c.Conclusion: This study provides an overview and enriched our knowledge regardingelectrolytes imbalance and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes and highlight for early detection ofcomplications of type 2 diabetes mellitus which will be very much helpful for the promptmanagement and better outcome.