Different effects and interrelation of expectation and exogenous attention in a visual identification task

Expectation and attention have been described as two crucial factors in consciousness. However, studies have focused on the interrelation of top-down or endogenous attention and expectation in conscious perception, while bottom-up or exogenous attention and expectation have remained largely unexplored. Therefore, we used a modified version of the peripheral cueing paradigm to explore the interrelation of expectation and exogenous attention on visual processing.