Data Sheet 1_The perceived impact of artificial intelligence on academic learning.docx

Generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, is transforming higher education by enabling personalized learning, while raising ethical challenges. This study explores how technical university students perceive and leverage ChatGPT in academic tasks, focusing on motivation, learning outcomes, and ethical awareness. Using the Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Determination Theory, the research surveyed 84 students from a technical university via a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Six salient dimensions of student engagement with ChatGPT emerged: perceived usefulness for problem solving, learning retention and skill acquisition, structured interaction with familiar content, consultation on unfamiliar topics, preference for conciseness, and confidence in the accuracy of AI responses. Students who perceived ChatGPT as a valuable resource for addressing academic problems reported enhanced motivation and competence, and frequent structured interaction was linked to the practice of verifying uncertain information, indicating the emergence of AI literacy. However, extensive reliance was correlated with dependence and limited citation practices, revealing risks to academic integrity. By examining ChatGPT’s role in STEM education, this study substantiates the relevance of AI literacy training and institutional policies to ensure responsible use. The findings offer practical insights for educators to integrate AI tools effectively while fostering critical thinking and academic integrity in technology-driven learning environments.