juliensimon/hawc-tev-gamma-ray

---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: "3HWC HAWC TeV Gamma-Ray Source Catalog"
language:
- en
description: "Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources (3HWC) with 65 TeV sources detected over 1,523 days."
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- space
- gamma-ray
- hawc
- tev
- astronomy
- physics
- open-data
- tabular-data
size_categories:
- n<1K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/hawc_tev_gamma_ray.parquet
default: true
---

# 3HWC HAWC TeV Gamma-Ray Source Catalog

*Part of the [Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) collection on Hugging Face.*

The Third HAWC Catalog (3HWC) of Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources, containing **65** sources
detected by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory over 1,523 days of observation.
HAWC surveys two-thirds of the sky daily at TeV energies.

## Dataset description

The 3HWC catalog represents the most sensitive survey of the TeV gamma-ray sky by HAWC.
Sources are identified as statistically significant excesses above the cosmic-ray background.
The catalog includes source positions, test statistics, differential fluxes at 7 TeV, and
spectral indices assuming a simple power-law model.

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `source_name` | string | 3HWC designation (e.g., 3HWC J0534+220) |
| `source_name_flag` | string | Flag on source name |
| `ra_deg` | float64 | Right ascension J2000 (degrees) |
| `dec_deg` | float64 | Declination J2000 (degrees) |
| `glon_deg` | float64 | Galactic longitude (degrees) |
| `glat_deg` | float64 | Galactic latitude (degrees) |
| `pos_error_deg` | float64 | Positional uncertainty (degrees) |
| `search_radius_deg` | float64 | Search radius used (degrees) |
| `test_statistic` | float64 | Detection test statistic (TS) |
| `separation_deg` | float64 | Separation from nearest TeVCat source (degrees) |
| `tevcat_flag` | string | TeVCat association flag |
| `tevcat_name` | string | Associated TeVCat source name |
| `tevcat_note` | string | Note on TeVCat association |
| `flux_7tev` | float64 | Differential flux at 7 TeV (10^-15 cm^-2 s^-1 TeV^-1) |
| `flux_7tev_err_upper` | float64 | Upper statistical error on flux |
| `flux_7tev_err_lower` | float64 | Lower statistical error on flux |
| `spectral_index` | float64 | Power-law spectral index |
| `spectral_index_err_upper` | float64 | Upper statistical error on index |
| `spectral_index_err_lower` | float64 | Lower statistical error on index |
| `flux_7tev_sys_upper` | float64 | Upper systematic error on flux |
| `flux_7tev_sys_lower` | float64 | Lower systematic error on flux |
| `spectral_index_sys_upper` | float64 | Upper systematic error on index |
| `spectral_index_sys_lower` | float64 | Lower systematic error on index |
| `energy_range_min_tev` | float64 | Minimum energy of analysis range (TeV) |
| `energy_range_max_tev` | float64 | Maximum energy of analysis range (TeV) |

## Quick stats

- **65** TeV gamma-ray sources
- **65** sources with TeVCat associations
- Median test statistic: 44.7
- Sky coverage: RA 83.6--337.0 deg, Dec -24.1--61.0 deg

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/hawc-tev-gamma-ray", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Most significant detections
top = df.nlargest(10, "test_statistic")[["source_name", "test_statistic", "flux_7tev"]]
print(top.to_string(index=False))

# Sky map in galactic coordinates
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
plt.scatter(df["glon_deg"], df["glat_deg"], s=df["test_statistic"] / 5, alpha=0.6)
plt.xlabel("Galactic Longitude (deg)")
plt.ylabel("Galactic Latitude (deg)")
plt.title("3HWC Sources in Galactic Coordinates")
plt.gca().invert_xaxis()
plt.show()

# Spectral index distribution
df["spectral_index"].hist(bins=20)
plt.xlabel("Spectral Index")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("3HWC Spectral Index Distribution")
plt.show()
```

## Data source

Albert, A. et al. (2020), *3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources.*
The Astrophysical Journal, 905, 76. Via VizieR CDS (J/ApJ/905/76).

## Pipeline

Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{hawc_tev_gamma_ray,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {3HWC HAWC TeV Gamma-Ray Source Catalog},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/hawc-tev-gamma-ray},
note = {Based on Albert et al. (2020) via VizieR CDS}
}
```

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)