黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（阿柔超级站气象要素梯度观测系统-2023）

该数据集包含了2023年1月1日至2023年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网上游阿柔超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于青海省祁连县阿柔乡草达坂村，下垫面是亚高山山地草甸。观测点的经纬度是100.4643E, 38.0473N，海拔3033m。空气温度、相对湿度、风速风向传感器分别架设在1m、2m、5m、10m、15m、25m处，共6层，朝向正北；气压计安装在2m处；翻斗式雨量计安装在阿柔超级站2m观测塔上；四分量辐射仪安装在5m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在5m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；光合有效辐射仪安装在5m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向上；土壤部分传感器埋设在塔体正南方向2m处，其中土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）均埋设在地下6cm处；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2cm、4cm处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、6cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、60cm、80cm、120cm、160cm、200cm、240cm、280cm、320cm处，其中4cm和10cm这两层有三个重复；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、6cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、60cm、80cm、120cm、160cm、200cm、240cm、280cm、320cm处，其中4cm和10cm这两层有三个重复。
观测项目有：风速（WS_1m、WS_2m、WS_5m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_25m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_1m、WD_2m、WD_5m、WD_10m、WD_15m、WD_25m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_1m、Ta_2m、Ta_5m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_25m和RH_1m、RH_2m、RH_5m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_25m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、光合有效辐射（PAR）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、平均土壤温度（TCAV）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm_1、Ms_4cm_2、Ms_4cm_3、Ms_6cm、Ms_10cm_1、Ms_10cm_2、Ms_10cm_3、Ms_15cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_30cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm Ms_200cm、Ms_240cm、Ms_280cm、Ms_320cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm_1、Ts_4cm_2、Ts_4cm_3、Ts_6cm、Ts_10cm_1、Ts_10cm_2、Ts_10cm_3、Ts_15cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_30cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm Ts_200cm、Ts_240cm、Ts_280cm、Ts_320cm）(单位：摄氏度)。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2023-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息等请参考Liu et al. (2018)，Che et al. (2019)。

This dataset contains observational data from the meteorological element gradient observation system at the Arou Super Station, the upstream site of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023.
The station is located in Caodaban Village, Arou Township, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, with an underlying surface of subalpine mountain meadow. The coordinates of the observation site are 100.4643°E, 38.0473°N, and the elevation is 3033 m.
Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction sensors were installed at 6 heights (1 m, 2 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 25 m) facing true north; a barometer was installed at 2 m; a tipping-bucket rain gauge was mounted on the 2 m observation tower of the Arou Super Station; a four-component radiometer was installed at 5 m facing south; two infrared thermometers were installed at 5 m facing south with their probes pointing vertically downward; a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor was installed at 5 m facing south with its probe pointing vertically upward.
Soil sensors were buried 2 m south of the observation tower: three self-calibrating soil heat flux plates were buried at 6 cm underground; the mean soil temperature sensor TCAV was buried at 2 cm and 4 cm underground; soil temperature probes were installed at 0 cm (surface) and 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, 200 cm, 240 cm, 280 cm, 320 cm underground, with three replicates at both 4 cm and 10 cm depths; soil moisture sensors were buried at the same depths as the soil temperature probes, also with three replicates at 4 cm and 10 cm depths.
Observation items include: wind speed (WS_1m, WS_2m, WS_5m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_25m) (unit: meters per second, m s⁻¹), wind direction (WD_1m, WD_2m, WD_5m, WD_10m, WD_15m, WD_25m) (unit: degrees, °), air temperature and humidity (Ta_1m, Ta_2m, Ta_5m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_25m and RH_1m, RH_2m, RH_5m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_25m) (units: degrees Celsius (°C), percent (%)), atmospheric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascals, hPa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeters, mm), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter, W m⁻²), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: degrees Celsius (°C)), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (unit: micromoles per square meter per second, μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), mean soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: degrees Celsius (°C)), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watts per square meter, W m⁻²), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm_1, Ms_4cm_2, Ms_4cm_3, Ms_6cm, Ms_10cm_1, Ms_10cm_2, Ms_10cm_3, Ms_15cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_30cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_60cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm, Ms_200cm, Ms_240cm, Ms_280cm, Ms_320cm) (unit: volumetric water content, % (v/v)), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm_1, Ts_4cm_2, Ts_4cm_3, Ts_6cm, Ts_10cm_1, Ts_10cm_2, Ts_10cm_3, Ts_15cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_30cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_60cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm, Ts_200cm, Ts_240cm, Ts_280cm, Ts_320cm) (unit: degrees Celsius (°C)).
Data processing and quality control procedures are as follows: (1) A total of 144 records per day (10-minute intervals) are retained, with missing values marked as -6999; (2) Duplicate records at the same timestamp are removed; (3) Data that clearly exceed physical limits or instrument measurement ranges are deleted; (4) Data flagged in red are considered questionable; (5) Date and time formats are unified, with date and time recorded in the same column (e.g., 2023-6-10 10:30); (6) The file naming convention is AWS+station name.
For information on the Heihe River Basin Comprehensive Observation Network and related sites, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) and Che et al. (2019).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集为2023年黑河流域上游阿柔超级站的气象要素梯度观测数据，包含多层次、多要素的气象和土壤观测，时间分辨率为10分钟，覆盖全年数据。站点位于青海省祁连县，海拔3033米，下垫面为亚高山山地草甸，观测项目全面，包括风速、风向、温湿度、辐射、土壤温湿度等。