Database of Equivalent Fiscal Pressure in Latin America and the Caribbean - 1990-2021: Update and Status in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Recovery

This is the third update of the Equivalent Fiscal Pressure (EFP) Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for the period 1990–2018, based on the IDB-CIAT methodology. The EFP provides a more precise measurement of total resources collected in the region and comprises four components: 1. Traditional tax revenues from general government, including subnational governments. 2. Public contributions to social security. 3. Mandatory contributions to private social security schemes. 4. Non-tax revenues from natural resource exploitation. Following the upward trend since the 1990s, the average EFP for 25 countries increased by more than 6 percentage points of gross domestic product (GDP), rising from 17.3% to 23.6% between 1990 and 2021. Medium-term dynamics are primarily driven by tax revenues, which grew from 13.5% to 18.0% of GDP over the same period. At the individual country level, there is significant heterogeneity in both the evolution and levels of tax revenues and EFP.