Heterogeneously catalyzed continuous flow reactors with highly insulating wall materials for the production of hydrogen by steam reforming

Heterogeneously catalyzed continuous flow reactors with highly insulating wall materials for the production of hydrogen by steam reforming

Junjie Chen

Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China

Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: [e-mail]

Catalysts may be classified generally according to their physical state, their chemical nature, or the nature of the reactions that they catalyze. Catalysts may be gases, liquids, or solids. In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is molecularly dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactants. In heterogeneous catalysis the reactants and the catalyst are in different phases, separated by a phase boundary. Most commonly, heterogeneous catalysts are solids, and the reactants are gases or liquids. When the catalyst and the reacting substances are present together in a single state of matter, usually as a gas or a liquid, it is customary to classify the reactions as cases of homogeneous catalysis. Oxides of nitrogen serve as catalysts for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the lead chamber process for producing sulfuric acid, an instance of homogeneous catalysis in which the catalyst and reactants are gases. Traces of water vapour catalyze some gas reactions, for example, the interaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen, which proceeds only slowly in dry conditions. Sulfuric acid used as a catalyst for the formation of diethyl ether from ethyl alcohol is an example of homogeneous catalysis in the liquid phase (when the products, water and ether, are continuously removed by distillation); by this method, considerable quantities of alcohol can be converted to ether with a single charge of sulfuric acid. The inversion of cane sugar and the hydrolysis of esters by acid solutions also are examples of homogeneous catalysis in the liquid phase.

Streamwise distance (meter), Heterogeneous reaction rate along the length of the reactor (mole per square meter per second)

0                                 2.51969

0.00025                             2.52898

0.0005                               2.55637

0.00075                             2.59905

0.001                                 2.65199

0.00125                             2.71215

0.0015                               2.779

0.00175                             2.85188

0.002                                 2.929

0.00225                             3.007

0.0025                               3.08264

0.00275                             3.15412

0.003                                 3.22107

0.00325                             3.28478

0.0035                               3.34725

0.00375                             3.40961

0.004                                 3.47145

0.00425                             3.53115

0.0045                               3.58689

0.00475                             3.63782

0.005                                 3.68446

0.00525                             3.72848

0.0055                               3.77185

0.00575                             3.81555

0.006                                 3.85919

0.00625                             3.90117

0.0065                               3.93975

0.00675                             3.9745

0.007                                 4.00595

0.00725                             4.03554

0.0075                               4.06508

0.00775                             4.09527

0.008                                 4.1257

0.00825                             4.15508

0.0085                               4.18203

0.00875                             4.20586

0.009                                 4.22692

0.00925                             4.24666

0.0095                               4.26675

0.00975                             4.28804

0.01                                   4.31009

0.01025                             4.33162

0.0105                               4.35124

0.01075                             4.36833

0.011                                 4.38322

0.01125                             4.39748

0.0115                               4.41272

0.01175                             4.42943

0.012                                 4.44708

0.01225                             4.46422

0.0125                               4.47947

0.01275                             4.49245

0.013                                 4.50367

0.01325                             4.51438

0.0135                               4.52587

0.01375                             4.53892

0.014                                 4.55319

0.01425                             4.56709

0.0145                               4.57965

0.01475                             4.59029

0.015                                 4.59928

0.01525                             4.60791

0.0155                               4.61738

0.01575                             4.62855

0.016                                 4.64119

0.01625                             4.6539

0.0165                               4.665

0.01675                             4.67399

0.017                                 4.68163

0.01725                             4.68922

0.0175                               4.69783

0.01775                             4.70789

0.018                                 4.71927

0.01825                             4.73043

0.0185                               4.74005

0.01875                             4.74791

0.019                                 4.75432

0.01925                             4.76037

0.0195                               4.7674

0.01975                             4.77614

0.02                                   4.78619

0.02025                             4.79589

0.0205                               4.80412

0.02075                             4.81091

0.021                                 4.81662

0.02125                             4.82204

0.0215                               4.8285

0.02175                             4.83678

0.022                                 4.84603

0.02225                             4.85522

0.0225                               4.8636

0.02275                             4.87063

0.023                                 4.87617

0.02325                             4.88134

0.0235                               4.88764

0.02375                             4.89563

0.024                                 4.90453

0.02425                             4.91307

0.0245                               4.92044

0.02475                             4.92599

0.025                                 4.92992

0.02525                             4.93332

0.0255                               4.93759

0.02575                             4.94309

0.026                                 4.94878

0.02625                             4.95359

0.0265                               4.95679

0.02675                             4.95736

0.027                                 4.95533

0.02725                             4.95189

0.0275                               4.94807

0.02775                             4.94582

0.028                                 4.94248

0.02825                             4.9391

0.0285                               4.93625

0.02875                             4.93336

0.029                                 4.93052

0.02925                             4.92708

0.0295                               4.92401

0.02975                             4.92139

0.03                                   4.91781

Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: [e-mail], Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China