A national inventory of well lithology and hydraulics for the conterminous United States (v1)

Harmonized, openly-harvested inventory of per-well lithology, hydraulics, and locations for the 48 conterminous United States, accompanying the manuscript “A national inventory of well lithology and hydraulics for the conterminous United States” (Rafiei, 2026). Compiled entirely from primary state-agency sources through public endpoints (no privileged access); every value is as published by the source agency, with no interpolation, gap-filling, or modeled substitution. Per-row provenance (source_id, and for lithology a source_type separating driller/geologist records, vision-language-recovered samples, and interpreted framework contacts) plus a documented QA layer (qa_flag; sentinel fillers nulled, implausible values flagged, nothing imputed). Contents (well tables join on (state, well_id)): gw_lithology.parquet — 28,518,082 depth-resolved lithology intervals across 5,165,761 wells in 34 states, with verbatim descriptions and a derived normalized material class; gw_hydraulics.parquet — per-well structured hydraulics for 6,895,791 wells (static water level, depth, yield, drawdown, specific capacity, screened interval, surface elevation, transmissivity/conductivity with provenance, pump-test duration); gw_well_locations.parquet — coordinates (EPSG:4326) for 7,796,626 wells with an agency-derived precision qualifier; gw_framework_lake_michigan.parquet — the USGS Lake Michigan Basin under-lake hydrogeologic framework (30,290 grid cells), kept separate from the well tables. Depths in feet; records use each state's own primary key. Released under CC-BY-4.0; underlying records are public US state well data; no well-owner personal information is included.