Afrobarometer Survey 2020 - Mali

Abstract
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The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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Citizens of Mali who are 18 years and older

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling;
• sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design
Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages
Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country.
Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU).
Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points.
Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households.
Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Mali
- Sample size: 1,200
- Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multistage area, probability sampling
- Stratification: Region, urban-rural distribution
- Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents
- PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS)
- Cluster size: 8 households per PSU
- Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval
- Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts:
1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker.
2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100).
3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate
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Outcome rates:
- Refusal rate: 4%
- Response rate: 96%

Sampling error estimates
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+/- 3% at 95% confidence level

摘要
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阿佛罗巴米特（Afrobarometer）是一项比较性的公众态度调查系列，旨在评估非洲公民对民主与治理、市场及民间社会等领域的态度。自1999年起，该调查以定期间隔进行。随着时间的推移，阿佛罗巴米特的覆盖范围不断扩大。第1轮（1999-2001年）最初覆盖7个国家，后来扩展至12个国家。第2轮（2002-2004年）调查了16个国家的公民。第3轮（2005-2006年）覆盖18个国家，第4轮（2008年）覆盖20个国家，第5轮（2011-2013年）覆盖34个国家，第6轮（2014-2015年）覆盖36个国家，第7轮（2016-2018年）覆盖34个国家。第8轮（2019-2021年）覆盖34个国家。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖
分析单位
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个人
总体
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马里的18岁及以上公民
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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阿佛罗巴米特采用符合以下标准的国家级概率样本。样本旨在生成一个代表特定国家所有有投票资格公民的横截面样本。目标是给予每位成年公民一个平等且已知的被选中接受访谈的机会。他们通过以下方式实现这一点：
• 在抽样的每个阶段使用随机选择方法；
• 在可能的情况下，所有阶段均采用与人口规模成比例的概率进行抽样，以确保更大的地理单位（即人口较多的地理单位）有更大的概率被选中进入样本。
抽样总体通常包括所有18岁及以上的公民。按照惯例，我们排除居住在制度化环境中的人群，例如宿舍中的学生、医院中的病人以及监狱或养老院中的人员。偶尔，我们也必须排除由于冲突或不安全而确定为不可到达的地区的人口。任何此类排除都将记录在每个数据集附带的 teknisk information report (TIR) 中。
样本大小和设计
样本通常包括1,200个或2,400个案例。随机选择的n=1,200个案例允许对国家成年人口进行推断，抽样误差范围不超过±2.8%，置信水平为95%。以n=2,400的样本量，误差范围在95%的置信水平下降至±2.0%。
样本设计是一种集群、分层、多阶段、区域概率样本。具体来说，我们首先根据主要次国家政府单位（州、省、地区等）和城市或农村位置对样本进行分层。
区域分层减少了遗漏具有独特种族或语言群体的可能性。阿佛罗巴米特偶尔会故意对某些在国内政治上具有重大意义的群体进行过度抽样，以确保子样本的大小足以进行分析。任何过度抽样都将记录在TIR中。
样本阶段
样本在四个或五个阶段中进行抽取：
阶段1：仅在乡村地区，第一阶段是抽取二级抽样单位（SSU）。在城市地区不使用SSU，在某些国家，农村地区也不使用。有关任何特定国家的样本具体细节，请参阅随数据集附带的TIR。
阶段2：随机选择一级抽样单位（PSU）；
阶段3：然后随机选择抽样起点；
阶段4：访谈员随后随机选择家庭；
阶段5：在家庭内，访谈员随机选择一位受访者。每位访谈员在每户家庭中交替对男性进行访谈和对女性进行访谈，以确保样本中的性别平衡。为了将实地工作的成本和后勤保持在可管理的范围内，每个选定的PSU中集中了8次访谈。
马里
- 样本量：1,200
- 样本设计：全国代表性、随机、集群、分层、多阶段区域概率抽样
- 分层：地区、城乡分布
- 阶段：PSU（从分层）、起点、家庭、受访者
- PSU选择：按人口规模成比例的概率抽样（PPPS）
- 集群大小：每个PSU 8户家庭
- 家庭选择：随机选择起点，然后使用5/10间隔的步行模式
- 受访者选择：通过男女交替访谈填补性别配额；列出适当性别的受访者后，计算机随机选择个人。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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第8轮问卷由问卷委员会在审查了前几轮的调查结果和反馈意见后制定，并从众多捐助者、分析师和数据使用者那里获得了对优先考虑的新主题的反馈。
问卷包括三个部分：
1. 第1部分记录了选择家庭和受访者的步骤，包括对受访者的介绍（第1-4页）。本部分应由调查员填写。
2. 第2部分涵盖了调查员提出并由受访者回答的核心态度和人口统计问题（Q1 – Q100）。
3. 第3部分包括关于访谈环境和氛围的背景问题，并收集有关调查员的信息。本部分由调查员完成（Q101 – Q123）。
回应率
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结果率：
- 拒绝率：4%
- 回应率：96%
抽样误差估计
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95%置信水平下的±3%