The Bidirectional Role of Grit in Mediating Time Management and Procrastination to Alleviate Academic Stress: An Investigation of Undergraduate Mental Well-Being

The findings of this study support the hypothesis that grit functions as a significant predictor of related variables in a bidirectional manner. The results indicate that this non-cognitive trait operates as a mediator, reducing the adverse effects of negative factors while enhancing the efficiency of positive influences. Our empirical evidence aligns with the proposed hypothesis, suggesting that grit plays a protective role against academic stress by promoting adaptive behaviors and mitigating maladaptive ones.