Spoligotype, IS6110 RFLP and MIRU typing for all M. tuberculosis isolates in the study.

a where N = the total number of strains in the sample population, s = the total number of types described and nj = the total number of strains belonging to the jth type [52].bST319, also known as the Vietnam genotype [39].cThe Ha Noi genotype has a single IS6110 copy and is prevalent throughout Vietnam [53].dM. tuberculosis isolates with no IS6110 insertion elements are relatively common in South-East Asia and have been reported in several studies of Vietnamese strains [53],[54].*Isolates of East-Asian Genotype in the LSP typing system of Gagneux et al. [24].†Isolates of the Indo-Oceanic genotype in the LSP typing scheme of Gagneux et al. [24].