Surveillance Infection Diseases by National Reference Centres humane microbiology: Enterovirussen

Since 2011, the Sciensano Infectious Disease Epidemiology Service, in charge of infectious disease surveillance, has been coordinating a network of reference human microbiology laboratories called National Reference Centres (CNRs). Each NRC, composed of one or more laboratories, is designated as such for a pathogen or group of pathogens according to well-defined criteria in a procedure that is repeated at a maximum interval of 5 years. The Royal Decree of 9/2/2011 sets out the legal and financial framework in which CNRs operate and the tasks they must perform. NRC activities cover 41 pathogens or groups of pathogens identified as priorities due to needs in terms of diagnosis, quality of care and public health. NRCs therefore support healthcare providers and epidemiologists by transmitting microbiological and epidemiological data to Sciensano once a year. The role of NRCs is to contribute to the confirmation and/or diagnosis of certain pathogens (rare or difficult to identify) in samples sent by peripheral laboratories and to perform the characterisation of the referred strains (genotyping, antigen review, antibiotic resistance study and other tests). The characterisation of strains is important to detect the emergence of new pathogens, observe the evolution of virulence and the distribution of circulating strains. These data help to assess the effectiveness of health policies such as vaccination and antibiotic effectiveness. NRCs are also required to provide support to laboratories for laboratory techniques and to authorities in the management of health threats. This project concerns NRC “Enterovirussen including poliovirussen en parechovirussen”.自2011年起，负责传染病监测工作的Sciensano传染病流行病学服务部门，牵头协调一个人类微生物学参考实验室网络，该网络被称为国家参考中心（National Reference Centres，缩写CNRs）。 每个由一个或多个实验室组成的国家参考中心，会依据一套明确的标准被指定负责某一种或某一类病原体，该指定流程的最长重复周期为5年。2011年2月9日颁布的皇家法令，规定了CNRs运营所需遵循的法律与财务框架，以及其必须履行的工作职责。CNRs的工作覆盖41种因诊断需求、医疗质量保障和公共卫生需要而被列为优先事项的病原体或病原体类群。因此，CNRs会通过每年一次的报送机制，向Sciensano提交微生物学与流行病学数据，为医疗服务提供者与流行病学家提供支持。 国家参考中心的核心职责包括：对基层实验室送检样本中的特定病原体（罕见或难以识别的病原体）进行确认和/或诊断，并对送检菌株开展分型鉴定工作，具体涵盖基因分型、抗原复核、抗生素耐药性研究及其他相关检测项目。菌株分型对于检测新型病原体的出现、观察毒力演变以及流行菌株的分布情况具有关键意义。相关数据可用于评估疫苗接种、抗生素疗效等卫生政策的实施效果。此外，CNRs还需为实验室提供实验技术支持，并协助主管部门开展健康威胁处置工作。 本项目涉及的国家参考中心为负责"肠病毒（包括脊髓灰质炎病毒与副肠病毒）"的实验室。