Dust emission simulations over East Asia

This dataset supports the study “Vegetation greening drives long-term dust mitigation in Eastern Asia” and provides the source data and model outputs used to reproduce the analyses and figures in the paper.It includes:• Dust emission model outputs — Dust emission simulations generated using the physically based DuEM v1 model (Wu et al., 2022), covering the historical period (1982–2023) and future CMIP6 scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5). The DuEM model operates at an hourly temporal resolution and explicitly represents nonlinear responses of dust emission to surface wind speed, vegetation cover, soil moisture, and snow cover. The data provided in this repository consist of aggregated products (e.g., springtime-mean and annual metrics) used to reproduce the analyses and figures in the paper. Hourly DuEM dust emission outputs are not included due to data volume constraints; interested users may contact the authors for access.• Source data for figures — Numerical data tables and processed outputs underlying the main and Extended Data figures presented in the paper, enabling direct reproduction of the published results.• Dust storm records — Ground-based observational data and processing scripts used to quantify dust storm days from WMO meteorological stations, providing an independent observational constraint for model evaluation.• Shapefiles for study regions — Vector boundary files defining dust source regions and downwind dust-affected areas used for spatial analyses.• Dust optical depth for analyses — Dust aerosol optical depth data for Eastern Asian dust source regions and downwind dust-affected areas, derived from the NASA MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis and used for model evaluation and regional dust variability analyses. Users are encouraged to obtain the original MERRA-2 products directly from NASA for full-resolution data.All data are provided in standard formats (CSV, XLSX, GeoTIFF, SHP, AI), ensuring transparency, reproducibility, and reuse.Model evaluation in the associated study incorporates multiple independent observational constraints, including MERRA-2 DOD, dust storm day records provided in this repository, and externally published regional dust storm datasets (e.g., Wu and Lin, 2022), which are cited but not redistributed here.This dataset enables systematic evaluation of how vegetation dynamics and climate variability jointly regulate dust emissions in Eastern Asia across interannual to multidecadal timescales. It provides a reproducible basis for assessing dust mitigation effectiveness, extreme event risk, and future dust responses under climate and land-use change scenarios.