Emerging Artificial Synaptic Devices Based on Organic Semiconductors: Molecular Design, Structure and Applications

In modern computing, the Von Neumann architecture faces
challenges
such as the memory bottleneck, hindering efficient processing of large
datasets and concurrent programs. Neuromorphic computing, inspired
by the brain’s architecture, emerges as a promising alternative,
offering unparalleled computational power while consuming less energy.
Artificial synaptic devices play a crucial role in this paradigm shift.
Various material systems, from organic to inorganic, have been explored
for neuromorphic devices, with organic materials attracting attention
for their excellent photoelectric properties, diverse material choices,
and versatile preparation methods. Organic semiconductors, in particular,
offer advantages over transition-metal dichalcogenides, including
ease of preparation and flexibility, making them suitable for large-area
organic films. This review focuses on emerging artificial synaptic
devices based on organic semiconductors, discussing different branches
within the organic semiconductor material system, various fabrication
methods, device structure designs, and applications of organic artificial
synapse. Critical considerations and challenges for achieving truly
human-like dynamic perception in artificial systems based on organic
semiconductors are also outlined, reflecting the ongoing evolution
of neuromorphic computing.