NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Jarvis Island and Nikumaroro Island Coral Trace Metal Data

Sr-U, a coral-based paleothermometer, corrects for the effects of Rayleigh Fractionation on Sr/Ca by regressing multiple, paired U/Ca and Sr/Ca values. Prior applications of Sr-U captured mean annual sea surface temperatures (SST), inter-annual variability and long-term trends. However, because many Sr/Ca-U/Ca pairs are needed for a single Sr-U value as originally formulated, the temporal resolution of the proxy is typically limited to one year. Here, we address this limitation by applying laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) to 3 Porites colonies from Jarvis and Nikumaroro Islands in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP), generating ~25 Sr/Ca-U/Ca pairs per month of skeletal growth. Both Sr/Ca and U/Ca vary significantly over small (sub-mm) length scales and support calculation of Sr-U values using the original regression method. Over the represented temperature range of 24 °C to 31 °C, the Sr/Ca-U/Ca-SST relationships are non-linear, a finding consistent with predictions of the Rayleigh model. To reflect this non-linearity, we developed a calibration using multivariate nonlinear regression,. The multivariate, 3-coral calibration was applied to 20-years of monthly resolved Sr/Ca and U/Ca of a coral interval not included in the calibration, yielding RMSE = 0.73 °C and r2 = 0.85 (p < 0.05; df = 256). The multivariate calibration performed significantly better than Sr/Ca alone (r2 = 0.28). Application of the new calibration to a sub-fossil Porites from Kiritimati Atoll, CEP (2200 Before Present) yields equivalent phase and amplitude of interannual variability but water temperatures ~1.6 °C cooler than they are in this region today.