A Microbial-Mineral Composite Alleviates Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Flue-Cured Tobacco

Continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs) severely threaten agricultural sustainability by degrading soil health and reducing crop productivity. While microbial inoculants (MIs) offer a promising solution, their efficacy is often limited by poor establishment in complex soil environments.Here, we investigated a synergistic strategy combining a composite MI (Bacillus velezensis K01 and Streptomyces xylanolyticus A7) with the porous mineral tobermorite to mitigate CCO in flue-cured tobacco over a two-year field experiment. The combined application (T4) significantly outperformed traditional practices, increasing tobacco yield by 15.8% and, more notably, economic value by 32.9%. This treatment also suppressed key soil-borne pathogens (Phytophthora spp., Fusarium spp.), reducing the disease index by an average of 73.8%.