Sensitivity of Turbine-Height Wind Speeds to Parameters in the Planetary Boundary-Layer Parametrization Used in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Extension to Wintertime Conditions Boundary-Layer Meteorology

We extend the model sensitivity analysis of Yang et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 162: 117–142, 2017) to include results for February 2011, in addition to May of the same year. We investigate the sensitivity of simulated hub-height wind speeds to the selection of 12 parameters applied in the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino planetary boundary-layer parametrization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model, including parameters used to represent the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), Prandtl number (Pr), and turbulence length scales. Differences in the sensitivity of the ensemble of simulated wind speed to the various parameters can largely be explained by changes in the static stability. The largest monthly differences are found during the day, while the sensitivity to many of the parameters during the night is similar regardless of the month. This finding is consistent with an increased frequency of daytime stable conditions in February compared to May. The spatial variability of the sensitivity to TKE dissipation and Pr can also be attributed to variability in the static stability across the domain at any point in time.