Brown adipocyte-derived exosomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus impair endothelial function via elevated intracellular calcium load

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lipid metabolism disorders in T2DM alter exosomal cargos, affecting vascular endothelial cells and impairing vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation. This study investigates the link between T2DM and atherosclerosis, focuing on adipose tissue-derived exosomes (AT-Exosomes) as key pathogenic factors in T2DM. Overall design: AT-exosomes derived from diabetic (C57BLKS-Leprdb/db) and non-diabetic (C57BLKS-Leprdb/+) mice were co-cultured with vascular aorta to evaluate pathogenicity. RNA screening in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) identified differential genes impacted by T2DM BAT-derived versus healthy BAT-derived exosomes.