Surface temperature produced from FVCOM with the NNM winds using the MR and HR grids versus observed values taken at various NDBC buoys, and SWH produced from SWAN versus observations at various NDBC stations from July 1 to September 30, 2014.

This work revisited the dynamics of deep-lake gyres and coastal circulation for Lake Michigan by using observations and modeling system. Few works had been done to comprehensively discuss the wind-, density-, and wave-driven circulation using a high-resolution, wave-current coupled model. The formation, dynamics and connection of the offshore and nearshore circulation in this representative large lake of the Great Lakes system was given detailed investigations in this study.