Prevalence of self-medication and factors influencing it in fitness centres: a cross-sectional study.

<em><strong>Objectives.</strong></em> This study was set up in order to assess the prevalence of self-medication among fitness centre users and to identify the factors influencing this practice. <em><strong>Methods</strong></em>. A cross-sectional study was set up with a sample of 338 users of fitness centres recruited from 11 fitness centres in Liège (Belgium). Data regarding the self-administration of substances (i.e. drugs and dietary supplements) were collected through an anonymous questionnaire that the participants were asked to complete. Descriptive and group comparison statistical analyses as well as logistic regression were carried out to assess the factors influencing self-medication. <em><strong>Results.</strong></em> Almost half of the sample (49.7%) were self-medicating within the context of practicing sport. Of this group, 36.4% were taking dietary supplements and 23% using drugs. The probability of self-medication with dietary supplements was seen to increase significantly in line with the number of hours spent at the fitness clubs, number of activities performed at the clubs, participation in body building sessions, consumption of energy drinks and consultation of drug package inserts. Furthermore, 13.9% admitted to consuming at least one potential doping agent<em>.</em> <em><strong>Conclusions</strong></em><strong>.</strong> The study has highlighted a serious prevalence of self-medication among users of fitness centres. The intensity and frequency of sports practiced would appear to play a key-role regarding the decision to self-medicate (with dietary supplements). Given the potential health risks associated with these practices it seems that there is a real need to provide information and implement prevention measures regarding self-medication.