Ecological risk of Lagos São João River Basin, RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT Lagos São João River Basin, located in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, is known of great importance for the conservation of natural and water resources. However, despite constant efforts to conserve and restore the aquatic ecosystems, many are the threats and management challenges. The water resources management in river basins requires assertive decision-making processes to ensure the conservation of water quantity and quality and its multiple uses. Aiming to be more effective, these processes require an integrated analysis of a large number of variables, which together can lead to different management alternatives and scenarios, thereby facilitating decision-making. In this sense, analytical tools that can identify, quantify and spacialize the current threats to the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems become relevant. This article aimed to present the development and results of the diagnosis of Lagos São João River Basin, generated through a risk-based protocol to ecological integrity. As a result of the application of this methodology, it can be concluded that Lagos São João River Basin is in a situation of moderate to high ecological risk, being threaten by river engineering and degraded grassland, demanding urgent restoration actions, focusing on the most endangered hydrologic units.