Parameter values: the degree-day base temperature (T_{th_GDD}) is estimated for model GDD (Eq. (1)); the critical value of growing degree days (GDD_C) is estimated for model GDD (Eq. (2)); the degree-day base temperature (T_{th_BBGC}) is estimated for model BBGC; empirical

Parameter values: the degree-day base temperature (Tth_GDD) is estimated for model GDD (Eq. (1)); the critical value of growing degree days (GDDC) is estimated for model GDD (Eq. (2)); the degree-day base temperature (Tth_BBGC) is estimated for model BBGC; empirical coefficients (a and b) are estimated for model BBGC (Eq. (3)); the empirical coefficient (c) is estimated for model BBGC (Eq. (4)); the underdetermined soil temperature threshold (d) determining warm grasslands or cool grasslands is estimated for model BBGC (Eq. (4)); the proportion (k) of the average annual precipitation is estimated for model BBGC (Eq. (5)); the base temperature (Tth_NGD) and the critical number of growing days (NGDC) are estimated for model NGD; the degree-day base temperature (Tth_NCD-GDD) is estimated for model NCD-GDD (Eq. (6)); the chill day base temperature (Tth_NCD), and empirical coefficients (g, h, and w) are estimated for model NCD-GDD (Eq. (7)).