Basic characteristics of glioma stem cell and human glioblastoma

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been identified in glioma tissues and suggested to play important roles in the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma multiform (GBM). We established a novel cellular bioinformative pipeline that consisted of principal component analysis (PCA) with factor loading, intracellular pathway analysis, and immunopathway analysis and attempted to clarify the differences in gene expression profiles comprehensively among GSCs, a glioma cell line (U251), and a human GBM tissue (hGBM). To this end, we extracted total RNAs from the GSCs, U251, and the hGBM, performed microarray, and applied the data to the bioinformatics analyses described above. As the results, PCA clearly distinguished the three groups. Moreover, the second principal component (PC2) distinguished the GSCs from the hGBM and U251; it reflected the characteristics of stemness. The factor loading for PC2 suggested MYCN, DPP4, and, MIF as contributing factors to the stemness of GSCs. We clarify the similarities and differences among samples such as the GSCs, U251, and hGBM. hGBM tissue was obtained by direct tumor resection at our institute. The patient was 54 years old female. Her integrated molecular pathological diagnosis was glioblastoma, IDH wild type. Human GSC lines X01 and X03 were provided from Dr. Akio Soeda at Gifu University. Human GBM cell line U251 was purchased from Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank. We extracted total RNAs from the GSCs, U251, and the hGBM, performed microarray, and applied the data to the bioinformatics analyses described above.