Chromatin Accessibility Dynamics during Chemical Induction of Pluripotency [RNA-seq]

Chemical induction of pluripotency (CIP) is an ideal way to reprogram cell fate, but remains poorly understood. Here we report the development of an efficient CIP protocol and the chromatin accessibility dynamics (CAD) during CIP by ATAC-seq. CIP first reorganizes the somatic genome to an intermediate state that must be resolved by primarily closing loci opened earlier before reaching a pluripotent state with gradual opening of loci enriched with motifs for the OCT/SOX/KLF families. Bromodeoxyuridine, a critical ingredient of CIP, is responsible for both closing and opening critical loci, at least in part by preventing the opening of loci enriched with motifs for the AP1 family and facilitating the opening of loci enriched with SOX/KLF/GATA motifs. Our studies provide the first link between small molecules and nuclear architecture in the context of cell fate decisions. expression profile of reprogramming cell were generated by RNA-seq, using illumina nextseq 500