MINERALIZATION PROCESSES IN PRIMARY TEETH: MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Mineralization of primary teeth is a complex biological process that determines the structural integrity, functional stability, and resistance of dental tissues to pathological factors. Proper enamel and dentin mineralization during prenatal and postnatal development is essential for maintaining oral health in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological mechanisms, developmental stages, and biological significance of mineralization in primary teeth based on contemporary scientific literature. A systematic review of scientific publications published between 2005 and 2025 was conducted using international databases. The findings indicate that primary tooth mineralization begins during fetal development and continues after eruption through maturation processes. Calcium, phosphate, fluoride, and various regulatory proteins play crucial roles in the formation and stabilization of hydroxyapatite crystals. Disturbances in mineralization may lead to enamel hypoplasia, increased caries susceptibility, and structural defects. Understanding the biological mechanisms of mineralization contributes to improved preventive and therapeutic approaches in pediatric dentistry.